INS Vagir: India’s submarine modernisation plans.

On 20 December 2022, the Indian Navy (IN) took delivery of the INS Vagir, the fifth submarine under the Project-75, Kalvari class submarines. Constructed at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) Mumbai, in collaboration with the Naval Group, the Vagir is a state-of-the-art submarine featuring advanced stealth features, including acoustic absorption. It is designed for multifarious missions such as anti-surface, anti-submarine, intelligence gathering, surveillance, and mine-laying. The submarine was launched in November 2020 and has undergone outfitting, machinery, and weapons trials in just over two years, well on track for commissioning in early 2023. The tempo of its testing and evaluation suggests that the navy is expediting efforts to modernise the submarine fleet.

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